nervous tissue histology ppt nervous tissue histology ppt

It relays sensory input to other neurons in the spinal cord. Tissues. Name the part of the central nervous system that isdisplayed in this tissue section. The other major glial cell type you should know about are microglia which are small cells derived from blood monocytes. I love Anatomy. I love Histology! Histology (6th ed.). Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. Based on their functional properties, these are described as either voluntary (skeletal) or involuntary (cardiac and smooth muscle). It is composed of densely packed epithelial cells with only a little extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells come together with extracellular matrix (a jelly-like fluid) to form the four types of tissues found in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous. The cells here arepreganglionic sympathetic neurons whose axons terminate in either sympathetic chain ganglia or the "visceral" (or "pre-aortic") ganglia associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta (e.g. Want to create or adapt books like this? There are more tissues on the website than you are responsible for. nervous tissue is derived from embryonic neuroectoderm The nervous system is divided anatomically into: Central Nervous System (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. Other blotting techniques include Southern blot, Western blot, Far-Western blot, Southwestern blot, Eastern blot, Far-Eastern blot, Northern blot, Reverse Northern blot and Dot blot. Resources in the University of Michigan Histology Dropbox, Slide 065-1N spinal chord Masson cross View Virtual Slide, Slide 065-2 spinal cord lumbar H&E cross View Virtual Slide, Slide 065-1 spinal cord lumbar H&E cross View Virtual Slide, Slide 066a thoracic spinal cord thoracic spinal cord luxol blue cross View Virtual Slide. Ependymal cells line each ventricle, one of four central cavities that are remnants of the hollow center of the neural tube formed during the embryonic development of the brain, as well as the central canal of the spinal cord. adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system). 10:10 - 12:05 Muscle Tissue ppt | pdf WEEK 2 Monday, August 22. Contrast the differences in the histological appearance of a pyramidal cell versus a Purkinje cell. The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. This coronal section includes the hippocampus (hippocampus = sea horse), dentate gyrus, and adjacent temporal lobe gyrus (entorhinal cortex). The four main types of stains used in histology are empirical, histochemical, enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical. Cells that are well preserved show features characteristic of most neurons: large cell body, large pale nucleus, Nissl substance, and cell processes (most of which are dendrites). Based on the number of processes, neurons are classified into multipolar, bipolar and unipolar. Neurons. In the above image, we can observe only the relatively large, triangular-shaped cell bodies of the pyramidal cells with clearly visible nuclei, parts of the dendrites, and the beginnings of axons. Name this exception. The layers of the blood-air barrier comprise of type I pneumocytes, basement membrane and endothelial cells of the capillaries. Lymphatic vessels drain lymph (interstitial fluid) from all the extracellular spaces in the body. Histology of Nervous Tissue PROF. DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN DEPT OF HUMAN ANATOMY Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell: neuron & neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of Two large nerve tracts typically leave the top of the cell body but immediately branch many times to form a large web of nerve fibers. Primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow and thymus) produce lymphocytes (B and T cells) while secondary lymphoid organs (diffuse lymphoid tissues, lymphatic nodules, lymph nodes and spleen) help to rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted material. Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells. 1. What is the distinction between the CNS and the PNS? One oligodendrocyte will provide the myelin for multiple axon segments, either for the same axon or for separate axons. Different regions of the nervous system have distinct histological characteristics that make them easily recognizable, under the microscope. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Afferent, efferent, visceral and more. The lighter-colored layers on both sides of the axon are myelin. Look at the margins of the ventricle at higher magnification and note that it is entirely lined by ependymal cells. The dendritic tree and axon of each Purkinje cell can only be seen in thicker sections stained with special silver stains. This nerve was additionally stained with osmium and the membranes of myelin are visible as dark rings. Slide NP004N hippocampal region coronal section luxol blue View Virtual Slide [orientation]. Kenhub. All cells contain cytoplasm, are surrounded by a membrane, and contain a variety of structures and organelles. It is categorised as skeletal, cardiac or smooth. A unity of tissues with a more complex set of functions, defined by the combination of structure and function of the comprising tissues. All Rights Reserved. Thus, in the 'white matter' of the brain and spinal cord, myelinated axons are the predominant neuronal cell component and most of the the nuclei that you see in white matter are primarily of glial cells. Both neurons and glia have fine processes projecting from the cell body, which generally cannot be resolved in the light microscope without special staining techniques. Description: Chapter 11 Histology of Nervous Tissue J.F. Together these organs provide the ability of reproduction and sexual intercourse. As cells are generally colourless, they need to be stained so that they can be easily viewed under the microscope. Neuronal processes form connections (synapses) with each other and with other cell types, in order to exchange electrical signals. 1. Two nodes of Ranvier are circled in Figure 9 below. ("3" in the orientation figure) a molecular layer containing dendrites of the pyramidal cells. The most common technique used is the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Tissues are routinely visualised using microscopy. Oligodendrocytes have processes that reach out to multiple axon segments, whereas the entire Schwann cell surrounds just one axon segment. Please support theSecondLook initiative with a donation to ourMichigan MedicineSecondLook Donation Champaign(link is external). and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins). They also have cilia on their apical surface to help move the CSF through the ventricular space. They are stabilized by ligaments, flexible fibrous bands made of dense regular connective tissue. Slides include types of epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle tissue and is ideal for an anatomy and physiology course. Here you will see the Purkinje cell bodies slide 077 View Image. Each one reaches out and surrounds an axon to insulate it in myelin. Structure of a Neuron. 1:00 - 1:50 Nervous Tissue ppt | pdf | lecture recording (for both hours) 2:05 - 2:55 Connective Tissue ppt | pdf. The material presented details the chemistry, diagnostic application, and staining protocols for special stains used to . They are responsible for the computation and communication that the nervous system provides. Nails are plates of proliferating keratinized cells that, similar to hair, contain hard keratin. Gordana Sendi MD Correct answer 4. Most substances that cross the wall of a blood vessel into the CNS must do so through an active transport process. The central axons are so thin that they appear as purple dots in the middle of the lighter-colored circles of myelin. The perikarya of large somatic motor neurons slide 065-2 View Image located in the ventral horn of the cord innervate the skeletal muscles of the limbs and trunk, which are embryologically derived from somites (hence, somatic muscles). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. Pia mater 2. Bones articulate with other bones by way of joints, which can be synovial, fibrous or cartilaginous. The dorsal nucleus of Clarke slide 066a View Image is in the dorsal horn and contains relatively large, multipolar neurons that receive proprioceptive information from dorsal root ganglion cells that are innervated by muscle spindles in the trunk and lower limb. - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as an HTML5 slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 4617df-OTVjO The insulation for axons in the nervous system is provided by glial cells, oligodendrocytes in the CNS, and Schwann cells in the PNS. Click on the tissue and observe. However, if you take a much closer look, youll see that the histology of bones, is a whole other story. As a muscle contracts, its tendon transmits the force to the bone, pulling on it and causing movement in the associated synovial joint. In this electron micrograph, note some of the features you saw in ventral horn motor neurons with the light microscope, such as the large, pale nucleus, prominent nucleolus, Nissl bodies, dendrites and axon. If the myelin sheath were drawn to scale, the neuron would have to be immensepossibly covering an entire wall of the room in which you are sitting. Most of the respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa; a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with mucus producing goblet cells. Cerebral cortex 3. The neuronal type is found throughout the entire human nervous system except in dorsal root/sensory ganglia. As such, nerves do not contain neural cell bodies. Examine the cross section of the lumbar spinal cord in slide 065-2. the peripheral nerves and peripheral ganglia. Get an overview of the different types of epithelial tissue: Connective tissue connects, separates and supports the body organs. Sertoli cells prevent the immune system from attacking and destroying the spermatozoa. Histologically, although there are a few exceptions, endocrine cells generally have an epithelial origin. Information flows through a neuron from the dendrites, across the cell body, and down the axon. Some neurons are named on the basis of those sorts of classifications (Figure 3). DNA is condensed and coiled up into chromosomes. When viewing the microscopic anatomy of the ovary, we can see that it consists of a surface germinal epithelium (capsule), ovarian follicles (cortex) and connective tissue (capsule, cortex medulla). NERVOUS TISSUE Nervous tissue consists of two groups of cell types: Nerve cells (Neurons) Neuroglia. The only freely mobile joints are synovial joints, in which adjacent joint surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage, a soft type of cartilage rich in glycoproteins, proteoglycans and type II collagen. All spaces are occupied either by the processes of neurons or glia or by capillaries (these capillaries are somewhat swollen here because the tissue was fixed by perfusion). Wednesday, August 24. How about the fact that some cardiomyocytes have the ability to secrete hormones that regulate blood pressure? Ana 211 (Histology of Nervous tissue).pptx sunday godwin obaje Read Now Download Free PDF Related Papers Cancer Registry Report 2000 2002 Robina Greaves Download Free PDF View PDF Identification of OTX2 as a Medulloblastoma Oncogene Whose Product can be Targeted by All-Trans Retinoic Acid Timothy Parrett Download Free PDF View PDF Light microscopes (or optical microscopes), use a combination of visible light and lenses to create a magnified image. The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles. dendritic) processes. Click on launch activity 2. Other methods include histochemistry, immunocytochemistry, hybridization techniques, tissue culture and many others. Muscle attaches to bone via tendons; bundles of dense regular connective tissue made out of many collagen type I fibers. Aspects of peripheral nerve embryology and clinically . Uploaded on Jun 06, 2013 Elina + Follow cuboidal epithelium water loss Many neurons in the spinal cord may appear shrunken and surrounded by an empty space due to poor fixation. Any of those processes can function as an axon depending on the conditions at any given time. The ventral spinal cord. The cells of Clarke's nucleus then relay this information via axonal projections that extend all the way up into the cerebellum (hence the reason why the cells are so large) where it is processed to allow for coordinated movement. Type II pneumocytes are also important because they secrete surfactant which prevents the lungs from collapsing. Ependymal cells, which are uniquely located lining the ventricles of the brain the central canal of the spinal cord, are one notable exception. In contrast, electron microscopes work by emitting parallel beams of electrons onto the sample being observed, resulting in higher resolutions. Click on the white box with the question mark on it 4. Despite their differences, they all have one thing in common; specialized elongated muscle cells, called muscle fibers. Chapter 1 The Cell Chapter 2 Epithelium Chapter 3 Connective Tissue Chapter 4 Muscle Chapter 5 Cartilage and Bone Chapter 6 Nervous Tissue Chapter 7 Peripheral Blood Chapter 8 Hematopoiesis Organ Systems Describe the organization and understand some of the basic functions of regions of the: Observe the 3-layered organization of the, Outer plexiform (molecular) layer: sparse neurons and glia, Outer granular layer: small pyramidal and stellate neurons, Outer pyramidal layer: moderate sized pyramidal neurons (should be able to see these in either, Inner granular layer: densely packed stellate neurons (usually the numerous processes arent visible, but there are lots of nuclei reflecting the cell density), Ganglionic orinner pyramidal layer: large pyramidal neurons (should be able to see these in either, Multiform cell layer: mixture of small pyramidal and stellate neurons. For example, the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach fundus contains special parietal cells which secrete HCl to break down meat proteins. Histology of Nervous Tissue PROF. DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN DEPT OF HUMAN ANATOMY 2 Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell neuron neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of neuroglia astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, ependymal cell, microglia Synapses Myelin formation function General structure of peripheral nerves Ganglia dorsal root ganglia autonomic ganglia Histology (Tissues). Glial cells, or neuroglia or simply glia, are the other type of cell found in nervous tissue. In the peripheral nervous system, the larger diameter axons are surrounded by a lipid-rich myelin sheath formed by the Schwann cells (Wheater's pg. Available at theiTunes Storeand for Android users at theGoogle Play Store. Epithelial cells form two important histological structures within the brain; the blood-brain barrier and the choroid plexus. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, Cellular membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, nucleus. It is specialized tissue found in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Histology is the science of the microscopic structure of cells, tissues and organs. Blotting technique is a method of localizing and quantifying proteins, DNA and RNA. Histology of Nervous Tissue Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell: neuron & neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of Expert Help This ground substance, also referred to as Wharthons jelly, provides insulation and protection to the blood vessels of the umbilical cord. Why are perikarya of dorsal horn neurons smaller than those in the ventral horn? Vocal cords are housed in the larynx, formed by two folds of mucosa, each containing a supporting ligament (vocalis ligament) and a skeletal muscle (vocalis muscle). The neuron shown is a multipolar neurons. These sections are then mounted on a glass slide, using a mounting medium as an adhesive. ("4" in the orientation figure) a polymorphic layer containing nerve fibers (known as "mossy fibers") and cell bodies of interneurons, ("5" in the orientation figure) a middle granule cell layer containing the round, neuronal cell bodies of dentate granule cells. Examine the gray matter on each side of the sulcus using first low and then high power. It consists of widely separated mesenchymal cells and ground substance with an abundance of hyaluronic acid. Nervous tissue is made of cells (neurons and glial cells) and extracellular matrix. The lateral extension of the ventral horn slide 065-2 contains relatively large, multipolar visceral motor neurons of the intermediolateral cell column that extends from levels T1 through L2 of the spinal cord. The lipids are essentially the phospholipids of the glial cell membrane. Each organ of the digestive system has properties that make it specialized for its role in the digestion, absorption and excretion of food. The choroid plexus is a specialized structure in the ventricles where ependymal cells come in contact with blood vessels and filter and absorb components of the blood to produce cerebrospinal fluid. Examine the boundary between molecular and granule cell layers. Whereas the manner in which either cell is associated with the axon segment, or segments, that it insulates is different, the means of myelinating an axon segment is mostly the same in the two situations. The small gap in the myelin sheath that occurs between adjacent Schwann cells is called a node of Ranvier. ("1" in the orientation figure) a polymorphic layer containing many nerve fibers and small cell bodies of interneurons, ("2" in the orientation figure) a middle pyramidal cell layer containing hippocampal pyramidal cells. between a tract and a nerve? During development, the glial cell is loosely or incompletely wrapped around the axon (Figure 6). Pharmaceutical companies are challenged to design drugs that can cross the BBB as well as have an effect on the nervous system. Histology of nervous tissue1 Kifayat Khan 855 views 26 slides Nervous tissue2k1 Hatesh Mahtani 4.8k views 109 slides General histology || Nervous tissue Ali Nasser 457 views 8 slides Nervous tissue i kohlschuetter 3.3k views 25 slides Nervous tissue 1 aiyub medicine 4.3k views 90 slides Introduction to Neuropathology Cassie Porebski In these slides you will not be able to discern the amazing dendritic tree that extends from the Purkinje cell bodies into the molecular layer, nor will you be able to see their axons, which extend down through the granular layer into deeper parts of the cerebellum. Below the dermis, a layer of subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is found. The epidermis is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium mostly made out of keratinocytes. Nervous tissue is made up of just 2 types of cells: Neurons. These cells have a single, long, nerve tract entering the bottom of the cell body. This is because the liver, among many other things, is the major detoxifying machine of the body. Neurons are specialized cells that contain a body (soma) and one or more processes ( dendrites, axons ). The study of. Next, the tissue is embedded with paraffin wax, which firms the tissue enough permit thin slices. Last reviewed: November 28, 2022 Your donation will enable us to update all existingSecondLook resources and to transform them into completely free Progressive Web Applications (PWA), including theSecondLookHistology apps. Learn more about the histology of the upper and lower digestive tract. It is made up of gray matter and white matter. They are responsible for the computation and . celiac, aorticorenal, and superior/inferior mesenteric ganglia). EM works by emitting parallel beams of electrons onto the tissue sample. Cells are categorized into various types, all of which perform different functions. They are considered to be supporting cells, and many functions are directed at helping neurons complete their function for communication. This is the final course in the series that will explore special stains used in the clinical histology laboratory. The endocrine system is divided into major endocrine glands (e.g. These vibrate to produce sound as air passes through them. A cell is the smallest functional unit of an organism. The length of the axon between each gap, which is wrapped in myelin, is referred to as an axon segment. Histology of the Nervous System Description: Histology of the Nervous System X-Section of Brain Tissue 4 1 2 3 1. Nerve tissue consists of 2 principal types of cells: neurons and supporting cells. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. It provides somatic motor output to skeletal muscles. Myelin, however, is more than just the membrane of the glial cell. Both respond immunologically to foreign material in the fluid passing through. Like the spleen and lymph nodes, the immune cells in this tissue can mount an immune response against foreign invading material. They return this fluid to the heart, passing it through lymphoid organs. Bone tissue is a specialized type of connective tissue that contains cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts), fibers (collagen type I) and mineralized extracellular matrix.